REVERA lawyers analyze updates to the Civil Procedure Code of the Republic of Belarus

23.04.2025

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REVERA’s legal team has examined two key areas of recent amendments to the Civil Procedure Code (CPC) of the Republic of Belarus: review of judicial decisions based on newly discovered circumstances and supervisory appeals. The main expert conclusions are summarized below.

Review Based on Newly Discovered Circumstances

• The grounds for review are governed by Article 630 of the CPC and largely mirror those found in the Economic Procedure Code (EPC) and the Civil Procedure Code (CivPC). A new basis has been added in the CPC — a court ruling that declares a transaction invalid if it led to an unlawful judicial decision.
• The list of individuals eligible to submit applications for review remains consistent with the CivPC: parties involved in the case and officials authorized to file protests.
• The time limit for filing an application is three months from the date the new circumstances are discovered. Unlike the CivPC and EPC, the CPC explicitly allows for this deadline to be extended for valid reasons.
• The application must be reviewed within one month, making the CPC more precise compared to the general reference norms of the CivPC.
• A refusal to review a judicial decision on the basis of newly discovered circumstances may be appealed.

REVERA’s comment

The CPC borrows many provisions from the CivPC and EPC but distinguishes itself through a more detailed and structured approach, which facilitates practical application.

Supervisory Appeals

• Which rulings may be appealed: All judicial decisions that have entered into legal force — with certain exceptions. The system closely follows the approaches of the CivPC and EPC but is more systematically structured.
• Supervisory bodies: Cases are reviewed either by the judicial panels of the Supreme Court or by the Presidium of the Supreme Court, depending on the level of the decision.
• Time limit for filing an appeal: One year from the date the ruling enters into legal force, similar to the CivPC and EPC.
• Review period: Up to two months — an average duration compared to the CivPC and EPC timelines.
• New grounds for annulment: In addition to significant violations of legal norms, the CPC now requires that there also be violations of state or public interests, rights of an indeterminate group of persons, or inconsistent application of legal norms by the courts.

REVERA’s comment

Unlike the CivPC, the CPC sets stricter conditions for overturning judicial decisions through supervisory review, reflecting a focus on legal stability and protection of public interest.

Both analyses highlight that while the CPC extensively integrates norms from the CivPC and EPC, it places a stronger emphasis on clarity and procedural discipline. This makes the code more practical for legal professionals and contributes to greater predictability in court decisions.

Authors: Alina Marchik, Aleksei Fedorovich

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